What law must the Virginia Insurance Marketplace comply with to protect consumer data?

The correct choice emphasizes the importance of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in ensuring the protection of consumer data, specifically in the context of healthcare information. HIPAA sets national standards for the protection of sensitive patient health information and regulates how healthcare providers, insurers, and their business associates handle this data.

In the realm of the Virginia Insurance Marketplace, compliance with HIPAA is crucial because the marketplace deals with personal health information as it relates to insurance coverage and health services. The law mandates safeguards to protect this information from breaches and unauthorized access, ensuring that individuals' privacy is upheld while accessing necessary healthcare services.

The other laws mentioned, while important in their own rights, do not primarily focus on the protection of consumer health data in the same way that HIPAA does. The Fair Housing Act addresses discrimination in housing, the No Child Left Behind Act pertains to education provisions, and the Affordable Care Act primarily focuses on healthcare coverage and access rather than data protection specifically. Thus, HIPAA is the most relevant law concerning the safeguarding of consumer data in the context of the Virginia Insurance Marketplace.